프랑스의 초등 미술교육 연구 - 교육과정 중심으로 -

Art education in France from elementary school onwards through the educational curriculum generally has a twofold purpose : aesthetic and cultural.

In practice, the curriculum can be broken down into higher domains with several subordinate domains, such as practical plastic arts, artistic and cultural knowledge, the introduction, explanation, or interpretation of specific works of art and so on. This division yields the following threefold fields for art education :

1. Practice in plastic arts

2. Learning artistic and cultural knowledge

3. Introduction and explanation of individual art works.

In addition to these fields, there is the field of evaluation. This is not designed to focus on students attaining the same purpose at the same time. On the contrary, the central emphasis is creating the understanding that all creative and all artistic work has variety and difference.

It is also important to make students understand artwork critically : varieties are not all positive, affirmative, or even interesting. Accordingly, French plastic arts education stresses these three aspects. First of all, plastic art education is firmly rooted in practice. Secondly, students are required to learn art and culture step by step, through interconnections between practice and the appreciation of specific artworks. Finally, plastic arts education must be integrated with other subjects.

A matter of particular importance is the use of visual materials such as postcards, photographs, painting books, slides, videotapes, computer visuals, etc. However, teachers must also consider the value of direct contact with actual artwork. So it is important for students to have opportunities to go to art exhibitions, art galleries, museums, and artists studios, so as to appreciate works of art and communicate with artists on a person-to-person basis.