Table IV-8 Estimates of Gender Difference in Mathematics Achievement of High-Achieving Students

Fixed Effects	Chinese Taipei		Hong Kong SAR		Japan		Korea		Singapore
	b	SE	b	SE	b	SE	b	SE	b	SE
Intercept	726.450***	2.717	697.382***	7.545	705.572***	3.795	725.639***	4.559	722.415***	2.444
Student-Level
Gender	−2.709	4.167	1.831	3.724	−3.604	3.586	−1.126	3.452	2.008	2.895
Science Achievement	0.297	0.112	0.211	0.092	0.294*	0.091	0.285*	0.092	0.188	0.095
Home Edu Resources	0.372	0.882	0.079	1.838	3.785*	1.448	0.246	1.653	−0.056	0.988
Like Math	0.874	1.548	0.848	1.595	−0.921	1.852	−0.255	2.140	1.327	1.092
Engaging Teaching	−2.163	1.110	−1.476	1.091	0.465	1.342	−0.177	1.697	0.304	1.053
Confidence in Math	3.277*	1.324	2.850*	1.264	5.193*	1.773	4.190**	1.191	1.895	1.079
Value Math	−0.153	1.009	−0.121	1.533	−0.311	1.651	−1.121	1.283	−0.574	0.872
School-Level
Emp on Acad Success	0.357	0.794	0.767	1.369	3.323**	1.199	1.184	0.974	1.338	1.308
Discipline Problem	0.541	1.082	1.950	1.765	0.261	1.245	0.009	0.840	1.536	1.019
Location	2.282	3.536	−3.250	7.413	9.403*	3.684	1.235	4.661	−	−
Random Effects
Between Students	39.283		63.732*		52.965		13.441		34.328
Between Schools	1060.896		781.357		1215.105		1188.848		646.342
ICC	0.036		0.075		0.042		0.011		0.050
Variance Explained (%)
Between Students	0.52		27.92		56.93		74.54		58.99
Between Schools	16.36		13.91		18.62		15.16		9.62

p<.001,
p<.01,
p<.05