# Appendix 2. Scoring rubric (Sheffield, 2006)

Assessment Criteria 1 (Novice) 2 (Apprentice) 3 (Proficient) 4 (Distinguished)
Fluency One incomplete or unworkable strategy or technique At least one appropriate solution with strategy or technique shown At least two appropriate solutions, may use the same strategy or technique Several appropriate solutions, may use the same strategy or technique
Flexibility No method apparent At least one method (e.g., all graphs, all algebraic equations and so on) At least two methods of solution (e.g., geometric, graphical, algebraic, physical modeling) Three or more methods of solution (e.g., geometric, graphical, algebraic, physical modeling)
Originality Method may be different but does not lead to a solution Method will lead to a solution but is fairly common Unusual, workable method used by only a few students, or uncommon solution Unique, insightful method or solution used only by one or two students
Elaboration Little or no appropriate explanation given Explanation is understandable but is unclear in some places Clear explanation using correct mathematical terms Clear, concise, precise explanations making good use of graphs, charts, models, or equations